Thus, there are nine possible distinct clefs, all of which have been used historically: the G-clef on the two bottom lines, the F-clef on the three top lines, and the C-clef on any line except the topmost. Six of these are redundant because they result in an identical assignment of the notes to the lines (and spaces)-for example, a G-clef on the third line yields the same note placement as a C-clef on the bottom line. With five lines on the stave and three clefs, there are fifteen possibilities for clef placement. Theoretically, any clef may be placed on any line. Two mnemonics for learning the clef lines are: For example, even the low saxophones read in treble clef.Ī symmetry exists with middle C for the F, C and G clefs. Transposing instruments can be an exception to this-the same clef is generally used for all instruments in a family, regardless of their sounding pitch. To this end, the G-clef is used for high parts, the C-clef for middle parts, and the F-clef for low parts. Using different clefs for different instruments and voices allows each part to be written comfortably on a stave with a minimum of ledger lines. The use of different clefs makes it possible to write music for all instruments and voices, regardless of differences in range. A clef may be placed on a space instead of a line, but this is rare. The C-clef is mostly encountered as alto clef (placing middle C on the third line) or tenor clef (middle C on the fourth line). In modern music notation, the G-clef is most frequently seen as treble clef (placing G 4 on the second line of the stave), and the F-clef as bass clef (placing F 3 on the fourth line). Placing these clefs on a line fixes a reference note to that line-an F-clef fixes the F below middle C, a C-clef fixes middle C, and a G-clef fixes the G above middle C. The three clef symbols used in modern music notation are the G-clef, F-clef, and C-clef. Placing a clef on a stave assigns a particular pitch to one of the five lines, which defines the pitches on the remaining lines and spaces. A clef (from French: clef 'key') is a musical symbol used to indicate which notes are represented by the lines and spaces on a musical stave.
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